Campaigners are calling for urgent action after what they describe as a "vicious" racist attack.
The incident took place during a protest near the town centre of Bicester on Saturday, September 5, and was recorded on video.
It appears to show a man being tackled to the ground and held in a chokehold while "racist" abuse is shouted at him.
The protest was organised by the Bicester Says No campaign, which opposes plans to house 1,256 single male asylum seekers at the nearby MOD Bicester site in Piddington.
The man had driven through Claremont car park, prompting shouts from the crowd, including "get back to the third world."
He responded with what appeared to be a racist slur.
Ian McKendrick, vice-chair of Oxfordshire Stand Up To Racism, said: "This is clearly a racist attack and it was vicious.
"It’s not good enough for the police to refer to this as an ‘altercation’ rather than an assault.
"If this had been a white victim, we’re certain the language and the action would be much more urgent.
"We call on the police to arrest the clearly identifiable man [...] and get justice done.
"Racist abuse and violent racist attacks have no place in our local community and must be stamped out.
"The police have a duty to ensure that there is no space for such violence in our county."
Thames Valley Police confirmed it was aware of the protest and had officers present to monitor the event.
A police spokesperson said: "During the protest, an altercation took place and officers responded quickly to bring the situation under control.
"An investigation is underway to establish the circumstances and no arrests have been made at this stage.
"A ratchet was seized at the scene and is being treated as part of the ongoing enquiries."
The force acknowledged that the incident has sparked significant discussion and speculation online, and urged the public not to speculate while the investigation continues.
The spokesperson added: "Our priority is to carry out a thorough and impartial investigation and to support the rights of people to protest peacefully while keeping all communities safe."
Paula Ewers, organiser of the protest, described the man's driving as "aggressive" but disputed claims that protesters had provoked him by hitting his car, throwing water and spitting on him and his female passenger.
She also condemned the use of racist language during the incident.
Ms Ewers said: "The only disgusting comments were made by the guy filming.
"He did use racist language that nobody who organises the march or the residents attending condone or use."
She said the incident has left many demonstrators afraid to speak out.
Ms Ewers said: "The majority of the people who attend our protests are over the age of 50, families with small children and disabled people.
"These are very vulnerable people who are now scared of being attacked for speaking out about their fears."
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